"The course covers the objectives, basic theories, principles, and methods of accounting. Students will measure and report financial positions regarding income, costs, and revenue. The course includes the framework for decision-making, recording processes, and accounting cycles."

This course examines the basic concepts underlying consumer behavior with the goal of understanding how these concepts can be applied in analyzing and solving marketing problems. It also examines the relationship of consumer behavior to acquisition, usage, and disposition.

"The objective of this course is to provide a foundation for introductory corporate finance and asset pricing theories. Students who master the course will acquire a solid grasp of modern analytical tools necessary for making rational corporate finance and investment decisions. This will include the understanding of valuation of companies, investment projects, and financial assets. Students will be required to use Microsoft Excel."

"In this class, you will understand why you should invest in stocks. As an overarching concept, we learn that there are two types of risk in financial markets: good risks with expected returns and bad risks without expected returns. Portfolio theory teaches that investors can eliminate bad risk through diversification. The Nobel Prize-winning CAPM theory shows the relationship between good risk and expected return. Finally, we understand that it is very difficult to predict the direction of future stock prices through the efficient market hypothesis, which states that stock prices fully and immediately reflect relevant information."

"In a knowledge-driven global economy, organizations and managers have increasingly recognized that a critical source of competitive advantage stems from having an effective human resource system for obtaining, mobilizing, and managing the organization’s human resources. It is imperative that organizations understand the key HRM functions and how these functions should be aligned in order to gain competitive advantage through their people."

"This course is designed to emphasize the importance of the strategic use of information technology (IT) and its impact on people and organizations in business environments. Various information technologies, including operational systems, informational systems, database, data warehouse, data mining, etc., are explained to attain a better understanding of the role of IT in business."

"The purpose of this course is to provide a solid understanding of financial intermediation. Students will gain both theoretical knowledge and practical skills to analyze financial institutions and markets. The course focuses on four key areas: 1) What drives financial market movements: Analyzing how different types of information impact prices. 2) Valuation of financial assets: Learning how to assess the fair value of various financial instruments. 3) Co-integration of financial assets: Understanding how asset prices move together across markets. 4) Risks in financial markets: Identifying and managing key market and institutional risks."

"The objective of this course is to provide a foundation for intermediate-level corporate finance theory and its practical applications. Building on introductory finance concepts that students are expected to have learned in their Financial Management (or similar) course, the course emphasizes analytical frameworks for firm valuation, capital structure, and payout policy, among other core topics. Students will develop the ability to value a corporation and design corporate finance policies. Students will be required to use Microsoft Excel."

In today’s globalized world, countless competing products are launched into the market every day, making product differentiation increasingly difficult. This course explores how value creation can be understood from both business and consumer perspectives in the era of internationalization.

"Explores the relationship between physical and engineering properties of such diverse materials as ceramics, metals, polymers, semiconductors, and composites. Emphasis is placed on materials identification and their selection to perform an engineering function. An ability to design a material system with specific requirements will be an course outcome."

"Students will learn the methodology of data science so that, when faced with a problem at the forefront of the R&D field, they can find a solution suitable for the situation. By examining applications of artificial intelligence to explore new materials, students will understand the differences and limitations when implementing machine learning in materials science."

In modern electronics and materials, semiconductor R&D competition is growing, and semiconductor packaging is vital. This course equips engineers with crucial theoretical and practical knowledge on semiconductor packaging. Students also gain fundamental knowledge and practical skills in diverse metals, fostering essential expertise. Lectures are the primary teaching method.

"As an introductory course for the students in our department, the overview for the materials and their properties will be introduced. This course covers strengthening mechanism of materials, phase diagram, phase transformation, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, electric and electronic properties of materials, corrosion, and new materials."

This course aims to provide a thorough understanding of the fundamental concepts oflinear algebra and to develop logical thinking through the learning and practice of mathematical proofs. Building on this foundation, the ultimate goal is to cultivate essential skills that are applicable to various engineering fields such as semiconductors, signal processing, and deep learning. In each lecture, a few simple problems will be given (no submission required). At the beginning of the following class, randomly selected students will present their solutions, thereby strengthening both problem-solving and presentation skills. This course generally permits the use of generative AI with the aim of enhancing students’ creative problem-solving abilities and learning efficiency.

This course is an introduction to the principles and applications of optoelectronic technologies. The course begins with a description of wave nature of light, and convers the phenomena of absorption, electroluminescence, and stimulated emission. The distinction between direct and indirect compound semiconductors materials is noted. This lecture aims to give students an understanding of nature of lightwave and principles of various optoelectronic devices. The main topics include wave nature of light, lasers, LEDs, and EUV Lithogrphy technoologies. A couple of renowned scientists will be invited to give lectures on special topics of Optoelectroncis.

"The objective of this course is to introduce the analytical tools and techniques needed for the design and analysis of continuous-time linear systems. The primary topics are convolution, transforms and sampling theory. Specifically, this course covers topics associated with the continuous time systems; classification of signals and systems, convolution, differential equations, Fourier series, Fourier transform, bilateral Laplace transform, and design and analysis of continuous-time linear systems with linear circuit examples."

"This course provides an overview of discrete mathematics. Topics included are logic, sets, relations, functions, induction and other methods of proof, recursion, combinatorics, graph theory, and algorithms. This course provides an overview of discrete mathematics. The topics covered in the course include logic, set theory, functions and their growth, Boolean functions, the integers, algorithms, relations and digraphs, inductive and recursive definitions etc."

"Students are trained on the design of basic electronic circuits. Laboratory equipment such as multimeter, oscilloscope, power supplies and function generator are used for the experimentation of RLC circuits and digital logic circuits. For software part, MATLAB and PSPICE are used for the simulation of RLC circuits and logic circuits."

"This course provides fundamental concepts of formal languages and skills to design a compiler. Topics included are finite automata, regular expressions, regular languages, regular grammar, finite automata with output, pushdown automata, context-free languages and context-free grammars, parsing techniques, turing machine and unrestricted grammars."

"This course will focus on fusion technologies of electrical engineering, biomedical engineering, and neuroscience. The course will be mainly divided into two categories: biomedical instrumentation and diagnosis/treatment of neuronal disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. Students will have broader perspectives on integrative biomedical engineering and their utilities through the lecture and elevated pitch."

"Electric motors are the key components of autonomous electric vehicle which is expected to lead us to the 4th industrial revolution. The electric motors and generators that converts mechanical energy to electric energy and vice versa, is called electric machines. This class will cover basic principles of the electric machines. Also, the principles and design of DC machine, and AC machine will be covered in the following part of the class."

"In recent years, deep learning techniques have been utilized in various fields including next- generation telecommunications, computer vision, natural language processing, signal processing. Therefore, it is required that students understand fundamental theories for deep learning including advanced linear algebra, advanced probability, optimization, and machine learning. This course covers the basic theories for deep learning."

"This course is a comprehensive design course on telecommunications, where students cultivate creatively, practical skills, teamwork and leadership by planning, designing, and producing tasks required by industrial companies based on the major knowledge learned in the first and third years."

"The curriculum covers energy storage and conversion mechanisms, force and electromotive force (emf) production, and coupled circuit analysis involving both electrical and mechanical inputs. Applications to electric motors, generators, and other electromechanical transducers are emphasized."

"This course introduces modern deep learning applications across different types of data and tasks. Topics include supervised, semi-supervised, and self-supervised learning, learning with tabular data, graph neural networks, generative models, handling missing data, speech processing, and large language models (LLMs). These topics are directly connected to real-world and industrial problems. The goal of the course is to help students improve their practical skills and increase their career competitiveness by learning how to apply deep learning to a variety of data and problem settings. In each lecture, a few key concepts will be introduced for students to review and understand (no submission required). At the beginning of the following class, randomly selected students will explain these concepts in their own words, thereby strengthening conceptual understanding and presentation skills."

"This course will provide students with information about cities around the world. Particular emphasis will be placed on addressing urban economic development, politics, social issues, and local and regional cultures. The aim of this introductory course will be to provide students with a more cosmopolitan outlook on cities and people, and a greater understanding of contemporary urban issues."

"A second stage course for anyone who has completed Elementary Chinese (or equivalent) and would like to brush up his/her Chinese for higher learning. This course introduces the students the Modern Chinese, with equal attention to speaking(Hanyu or Putonghua, Mandarin), listening, reading and writing(simplified characters). If the students finish learning Chinese for 2 semesters, they can speak Chinse of Intermediate level."

"At the completion of the course, students will be able to converse with ease and confidence when dealing with the routine tasks and social situations of the Intermediate level. They are able to handle successfully tasks regarding a variety of daily topics and social situations requiring an exchange of basic information related to their work, school, recreation, particular interests, and areas of competence. Interpersonal Communication: Students can handle a variety of communicative tasks. They are able to participate in informal and some formal conversations by combining and linking sentences into connected discourse of paragraph length."

"Those exchange students who have learned basic Korean language could deepen their understanding of Korean culture and language."

"This course deals with the specific contents of corporate information in terms of accounting. The objective of this course is to understand the contents of corporate information from the perspective of accounting. Through this class, students will learn the meaning of corporate information and operational skills for the production and use of corporate information, thereby cultivating information utilization ability in the era of the 4th industrial revolution in the management aspect. Specifically, this course understands the general contents of company information related to the management components of the company and analyzes the company through the derived accounting information."

This lecture is for beginning level of Korean language learners based on the communicative language teaching. The top priority of this lecture is achieving basic communicative competence. To achieve this goal, the lecture will focus on the topics and functions that are essential for the learners’ daily communication. Through the practice of listening, speaking, reading and writing, students will learn how to carry out a conversation on simple topics of daily life, to comprehend simple Korean texts and to write about their own everyday life at a basic level.

This lecture is for beginning level of Korean language learners based on the communicative language teaching. The top priority of this lecture is achieving basic communicative competence. To achieve this goal, the lecture will focus on the topics and functions that are essential for the learners’ daily communication. Through the practice of listening, speaking, reading and writing, students will learn how to carry out a conversation on simple topics of daily life, to comprehend simple Korean texts and to write about their own everyday life at a basic level.

"Those exchange students who have learned basic Korean language could deepen their understanding of Korean culture and language."

"Become more confident and competent English speakers, learning to communicate in a variety of situations, in particular in group discussion situations, as well as everyday conversations ranging from informal discussions to more formal speaking situations. 1) Learn speaking and listening strategies that can be used to improve your speaking fluency and effectiveness. 2) Be able to participate in a discussion on a variety of topics and current events. 3) Take students from Independent Users to Proficient Users of spoken English: By the end of this course, students, if not already at CEFR C1, will be ready to transition from CEFR Common Reference Level B2 to C1 with ease."

This course is designed for ? but not limited to ? English-learning students interested in films for cinema and home video. Students will have the opportunity to immerse themselves in an English- speaking environment and improve their listening, speaking, pronunciation, and vocabulary as they appreciate a variety of film genres, discussing themes, plots, and characters. Resources for this course will be drawn from a variety of selected video clips, with a focus on currently available English-language films. Students will view selected films outside of class; they will be provided with tasks that they can complete while viewing, followed by in-class follow up with discussion activities and tasks focusing on specific scenes from the assigned films.and lexis, collaborate in group discussions, develop critical thinking skills, and learn how to present ideas.

This course has three primary objectives for each participant: (1) to develop better presentation skills; (2) to prepare for future career employment interviews; and (3) to improve communication skills in English. To accomplish these aims, we will engage in a variety of interactive communicative activities including discussions, debates, presentations, surveys, team-building exercises, and mock employment interviews. During the semester, each student will prepare a total of six formal presentations of 2-3 minutes in length. After each presentation, each participant will receive anonymous feedback from fellow students as well as detailed, individualized feedback from the instructor. Watching fellow students' presentations from a critical perspective, providing constructive criticism to each other, and reflecting upon the feedback received from the class and the instructor will help participants develop their presentation skills more effectively.

"The students will understand the value system and the world view of Korean society and use the key concepts to analyze the contemporary issues including feminism, minority rights, environmental issues, inter-cultural conflicts and politics-business ties and so on."

This course is designed to provide an introductory knowledge of Korean history. Students will acquire a general knowledge of Korean history as a whole and gain an understanding of important historical features. The course will focus on modern history and its influence on present day Korea. The students will acquire the basic understanding of Korean history from the ancient time to the modern time with the focus on the pre-modern and the modern history so that the students can confidently answer to some of the important questions regarding Korean history such as (1) how were the relationships with its neighboring countries before the modernization, (2) how Korea was colonized by the Imperial Japan, (3) why was Korea divided into the north and the south (4) why did the Korean War break out (5) How did Korean achieve its economic and political developments and so on.

"This course aims to provide a better understanding of Korean tradition and culture. Through the course activities and also by performing an individual research on the topic of their own interests, students are expected to enhance their comprehension of Korean society and culture. The students will acquire the basic understanding in the Korean religions and values in order to comprehend the Korean traditions and culture in various areas including music, dance, painting, printing, food, architecture, national treasures, seasonal customs and so on."

"This course is designed to introduce Korean politics and society to undergraduate students who are willing to learn about Korea. By examining a variety of political events and topics such as Japanese colonialism, the Korean War, democratization, globalization and multicultural reality in Korea, the course will expect that students will have a better knowledge about the complexities of political dynamics both in North and South Korea."

"The major objective of the course is to examine Korea's economic policy and management practices with a focus on historical, theoretical, managerial, operational, strategic and environmental factors."

"This course examines the characteristics of popular culture and the role of mass media in South Korea. In doing so, the course examines how the diverse sectors of media industry ? newspapers, broadcasting, on-line/Internet, and film industry, change and shape popular culture in Korea. By looking at Korean pop culture in the context of cultural industry and globalization, the course identifies and explores the Korean Wave (Hallyu) that have changed contemporary South Korean popular culture. In addition, students will present cover dance performances of K-Pop at the end of the semester."

"This course is designed to develop the student's understanding of East Asian history from the prehistoric ages to the modernization era In this course, students will learn about an ever fast growing and changing East Asian society focusing on the inter-relations among China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam. The students will have an overview of East Asian history from the prehistoric ages to the modernization era with the focus on the beginning of the Chinese civilization, the inter-state relationship between China and its neighboring states, the tri-angula relationship among China, Japan and Korea during the pre-modern and the modernization period."

The development experience in East Asia varies greatly. The eight high-performing East Asian economies include three models of development; the manufactured export-led, state interventionist model of Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan; the free port, commercial center model of Singapore and Hong Kong; and the natural resource-rich model of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. Also the transitional models of China and Vietnam are included in the performers. It is thus difficuly to generalize the true cause of the East Asian economic development.

This course will cover politics and diplomacy of two Koreas. Topics include democratization, economic development and crisis, relations with regional powers of the two Koreas, inter-Korean relations, the North Korean nuclear crisis, and the possibility of Korean unification. We will discuss these issues after reading several articles and watching interesting video clips on two Koreas.

"This course aims to select and study the latest trends and major issues related to global management."

This course aims to enhance management understanding of international marketing. Also it covers management and marketing issues of companies operating in different parts of the world.

"Second language learners of various nationalities who learn Korean as a foreign language learn principle of Korean consonant and vowel sound. Understand not only their native language but also the pronunciation system of Korean through comparison with English, and understand the Korean variation depending on the position in the word. Students improve pronunciation of Korean by using vocabulary / vowel pronunciation practice. Also they can improve their Korean pronunciation by applying sentence unit accent learning to conversation and one person speech presentation. From this course, students can enhance the intelligibility of Korean utterance and thus facilitate communication in Korean."

"This course aims to acquaint students with the basic theories of international law and to deeply study international legal approaches and applications to various global issues."

"This course will teach exchange students self-awareness and strategies to initiate physical activity habits they can continue to develop throughout their time at the University of Seoul. To foster student success in adopting and sustaining physical activity habits aligned with student personal interests and needs, this course will provide opportunities to learn fundamental rules and skills in select sports (e.g., performance, target, net, field, and/or invasion games) in a safe, fun, and competitive environment."

"This course is designed to learn both investment knowledge and business English by relevant situations for accountants/investment bankers/fund managers. Upon completion of this course, students will have gained strengths in speaking professional English by using BASIC terminologies in the real world. Students also will have practiced communication skills for speech presentations in the global accounting/investment banking/asset management field. Also a mock trading will be executed for understanding the equity markets."

"The purpose of this course is to help students understanding to the basics of setting up and cultivating start-ups, using effective approaches for various theories in entrepreneurship and innovation along with actual business projects. It will explore the ways in which a venture firm attempts to gain a sustainable growth over a certain time period. The course begins with learning how to set forth a comprehensive definition of entrepreneurship and innovation, then to implement an entrepreneurship and innovation plan through an actual project by team or individuals."

This course is an introductory course to Korean Linguistics for students without any background or previous knowledge of linguistics. Students will study different approaches to the analysis of the Korean language by covering following areas: Phonetics and Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics. By the end of this course students will be able to gain deeper insights into and understanding of how Korean works and how we use it to communicate.

This course is an introductory course to Korean Linguistics for students without any background or previous knowledge of linguistics. Students will study different approaches to the analysis of the Korean language by covering following areas: Phonetics and Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics. By the end of this course students will be able to gain deeper insights into and understanding of how Korean works and how we use it to communicate.

"Architecture engages with society by creating spaces that become places within cities or communities. In this sense, architectural space can be seen as a vessel that holds and reflects society. Understanding this requires developing a perspective that considers how space interacts with culture, economy, and health. Through this course, students will observe how architecture reflects different cultures, understand the economic decisions involved in the costly process of construction, and explore what it means to create spaces that support healthy and sustainable society."

This course aims to provide a strong foundation in spatial awareness and GIS fundamentals (basic concepts, principles and functions). Its focus is to develop essential GIS skills for students in diverse urban planning fields and link with smart urban spatial issues. Through regularly scheduled readings and exercises, students will build proficiency in the use of ArcGIS Pro software and QGIS.

"This course aims to discuss diverse environmental issues and their solutions in urban areas. Diverse policies by city governments relating to energy, climate change, water, waste, ecosystem, transportation and architecture will be dynamically discussed. This course further explores the interrelationship between the concepts and principles of sustainable cities and governance and trans-local cooperations between cities."

"The economic importance of tourism is influencing urban development in cities large and small around the world. This course addresses the physical spaces that are being used to attract domestic and international tourists, including waterfronts, historic quarters, and art districts. This course will also address how cultural festivals, mega events, iconic architecture, and artistic creativity are being used to shape urban places for tourism and place marketing purposes."

"This course discusses various perspectives, models, and assessment of adapted physical activity. Theories and strategies to promote physical activity and health for individuals with disabilities are included. My goals are to help you 1. understand different models and approaches to disabilities; 2. understand the history and current status of physical activity for persons with disabilities; 3. understand problems associated with health disparities; 4. understand issues related to accessibility; 5. identify determinants for promoting physical activity among people with disabilities; 6. implement a standardized assessment instrument; 7. synthesize up-to-date peer reviewed literature on physical activity promotion for individuals with disabilities; 8. understand and evaluate rehabilitation services and programs for people with disabilities."

"This class is the first half of the one year course of Visual Design class for the sophomore visual communication design majors. The class consists of the process of understanding the visual systems and applying the understandings and observations to design practice. All projects will be announced in class, and all the details of the process will be evaluated. Students are asked to present all projects in optimum contions and late submission of assignments will results in deduction of evaluations points. If you submit assignments for re-evaluations, the final evaluation will be the mean of the first and the last submissions."

"This course is an introduction to linguistics, the study of language. The course includes theories of speech sounds (phonetics), how those sounds are structured to form words (phonology), the structure of complex words (morphology), the structure of sentences (syntax), and the study of word meaning and how words combine to form propositions (semantics). The course also addresses how different individuals use language (sociolinguistics), how languages are related to each other and change over time (historical linguistics), and how children learn languages (language acquisition). This course draws on data from English language. Students will learn how to make generalizations about linguistic data and how to use tools from formal theories of language to analyze that data."

"This course is designed to provide an outline description of English Grammar in as simple and straightforward a way as possible. Throughout this course, students will recognize and understand English words, phrases, sentences, grammatical functions, and sentence types. For ease of understanding, every class proceeds in small steps and gradually moves on the next step like at a challenging level. Students will do exercises each class to make sure that they can use each new piece of information in exercises. This course is expected to facilitate students to learn English as a second language such as to improve their English speaking and writing. It will also provide a foundation for the next level course of ""English Syntax."" Students may use generative AI tools responsibly to support learning such as checking grammar and exploring concepts. However, AI- generated text, analyses, or responses may not be submitted as personal work. Using generative AI to substantially complete an assignment is prohibited."

"In this introductory course to drama, we will examine four notable plays and major theories of western theatre from the Ancient Greece to the modern US. The main goal of the course is to help the students acquire a general understanding of drama and background knowledge required for more in-depth investigation of British and American drama as English majors."

"This course is an introduction to Big Data and its application in linguistic analysis in English. Drawing on data from a variety of big data sources, we will examine how popular research questions can be tackled by computerized research methods to supplement traditional ways of English linguistic analysis. We will focus on understanding basic linguistic concepts and how they are used in two main approaches to big data analysis, (i) Corpus-based analysis and (ii) Statistical analysis. We will learn how to use various methods to solve problem sets and conduct mini projects with one of the introduced analytics tools."

"This course explores psycholinguistics with a special focus on language data to understand language and mind. Students will learn how questions about language comprehension, production, and acquisition can be answered through real data, from corpora and experiments. Instead of focusing on theory alone, the course emphasizes hands-on practice starting with simple data analysis, using accessible softwares to discover patterns and test ideas. By working with authentic language data and small-scale projects, students will develop practical skills for connecting linguistic questions to evidence, gaining confidence in interpreting results and understanding how research in psycholinguistics is carried out."

"Speech Data Analysis is an interdisciplinary course that explores English intonation through speech corpora. Using tools such as Montreal Forced Aligner and ProsodyPro, students process speech data, extract features, and conduct statistical analyses. The course combines lectures with practical training, and concludes with group projects applying the learned methods."

This course explores the processes of language acquisition and development in relation to human cognition. Students will read and discuss research from linguistics, developmental psychology, and experimental psychology to understand major theories and hypotheses in language acquisition. The course addresses not only first language acquisition in children but also second language acquisition in adults and bilingualism. The course also analyzes authentic language acquisition data to examine developmental patterns and draw inferences about language development. Through this process, students will learn to compare theoretical frameworks, scientifically interpret linguistic data, and develop integrative thinking skills by synthesizing multiple perspectives.

"This course, conducted completely in Chinese, will allow students to acquire a higher level of speaking and listening skills in Chinese."

"This course aims to help students move to an upper level of Chinese proficiency, where one can clearly deliver their ideas and precisely understand others’ messages and intentions."

"This is a course of advanced rhetorical skills through reading and composition exercises in various modern Chinese writing styles. Readings include essays of well-known Chinese writers. This is a writing intensive course in which the students learn to write a Chinese letter, resume, essay, travel sketch etc."

"In course, students will learn some basics of how to program with Python. The class will cover Python expressions, variables, conditionals, loops, lists, sets, dicts, functions, objects, and exceptions. Students will learn how to visualize the Physics dat. Class purpose: The course teaches core numerical techniques essential for computational physics and materials science,such as solving linear systems,root finding, intergration,ODEs,and optimization.Students implements methods like Gauss dlimination,Runge-Kutta,and eigenvalue solvers using Python libaries(Numpy,Matplotlib)."

"Global Startup aims to provide Korean students and students from overseas (exchange students) with learning experience that involves practical knowledge about preparing and incorporating startups through lectures, cases studies, and team projects. Teams by both Korean and foreign students will carry out comparative market research, come up with product/service ideas viable to target market, and prepare actionable business plans."

"The purpose of this course is to provide an opportunity to study the fundamental principles of investments and financial economics as an application of economic models and analytical frameworks."

This course provides a theoretical analysis of how outcomes of resource allocation studied in microeconomics can be evaluated from a social perspective. Societies consist of individuals with diverse preferences and initial endowments, and social preferences are formed by appropriately aggregating these heterogeneous characteristics in order to evaluate allocation outcomes. The course examines axiomatic properties that must be considered in social choice problems and analyzes methods for deriving social preferences that satisfy these axioms. It then applies axiomatic approaches to various resource allocation and matching models to study the existence of desirable mechanisms and how such mechanisms operate. The course primarily adopts a microeconomic- theoretic approach and focuses on mathematical proofs and analysis. Students are therefore strongly encouraged to have sufficient preparation for this type of material. The required prerequisite is Microeconomics. The course is also closely related to Economic Mathematics, Strategy and Information, Public Finance, Mathematical Economics, and Advanced Microeconomic Theory (Associated competency: microeconomic reasoning and real-economy analysis).